Publication by Björn Jindra in the Journal Research Policy

Björn Jindra and co-authors published an article that explores paths of technology upgrading in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Technology upgrading is a multi-dimensional process. It suggests that technological development in emerging economies cannot be appropriately measured by a single variable such as R&D expenditures. The authors demonstrate that several unique paths for technology upgrading exist. They identify different trade-offs between intensity, breadth and global interaction for the BRICS economies.

Read more on the paper here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733318302038