CBL ENDE - Entrepreneurship for Development*
Faculty
Thilde Langevang and guest lecturers
Course Coordinator
Thilde Langevang, Assistant Professor
Prerequisite/progression of the course
Relevant Bachelor degree (e.g. Economics, Business Administration, Development Studies)
Course content, structure and teaching
Entrepreneurship is generally recognised as playing a key role in economic growth and development. While traditional economic theory attributed economic change and development to the availability of production factors and technology, the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that even if the right economic, institutional and political conditions are present, the private sector does not automatically become dynamic and sustainable. For that, a vibrant layer of entrepreneurs that can manage and exploit innovation and technology is needed. The entrepreneur fills a number of key functions in economic development by essentially showing an alertness for exploiting new opportunities, for instance as a coordinator of production factors; as a decision maker under uncertainty; as an agent of change; or as a gap filler. The entrepreneur may be motivated with ‘doing good’, with making money, or with both. Sometimes the entrepreneur is coming out of the local business environment, but in other instances he/she may ‘spin out’ of MNC subsidiaries, or even be based in a developed country. Sometimes the entrepreneur is creating a new firm, but in other instances, he/she operates within an existing firm (‘intra-preneurship’).
While much entrepreneurship literature is built on experiences in developed countries, policy makers have recently shown increasing interest in the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in generating economic growth and development in developing countries. Research has also started to examine the specific characteristics, traits and challenges of entrepreneurship in different developing countries. Understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship and development and identifying effective means to foster entrepreneurship requires that the diversity and dynamics of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in developing countries are better understood.
The course ‘Entrepreneurship for Development’ will explore who the entrepreneurs in developing countries are; their gender, age, culture, education and economic and class background, social networks, psychological traits etc. The course will also direct attention to the conditions of entrepreneurship in the institutional environment in different regions and countries, for example, by identifying the barriers in labour and capital markets for the creation of new firms, and will scrutinise the effectiveness of institutions and programmes aimed at promoting and fostering entrepreneurship.
The teaching will comprise lectures, case discussions and resource person presentations (e.g. entrepreneurs and representatives from organisations and programs that support entrepreneurs). First, students will be introduced to theoretical perspectives on entrepreneurship based on the required course literature. Second, students will hear presentations of real life experiences with entrepreneurship in developing countries. Third, students will scrutinise different cases and concrete initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship in developing countries. Finally, students will analyse a project/ an investment in a developing country from an entrepreneurial perspective.
Among the lectures will be:
- Why is entrepreneurship important in developing countries?
- What is entrepreneurship and how can it be measured?
- What characterizes the successful entrepreneur?
- What are the requirements for building businesses that last?
- Entrepreneurship training programmes: do they work?
- Micro finance for entrepreneurs: possibilities and limits
- What is the role of social networks and business networks and associations?
- Entrepreneurship and employment creation for the youth
- Women entrepreneurs: what are their particular challenges and opportunities?
- What kinds of institutional environments are conducive for entrepreneurship and
- how do they vary between different regions and countries?
The course's development of personal competences
The course will enable the students to analyze, discuss and present various issues in relation to entrepreneurship. Moreover the course will enhance the students’ ability to move from theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship in a development context to practical action.
Learning Objectives
By the end of the course the students should:
- Have a clear understanding of the innovative role of the entrepreneur and the conditions for entrepreneurship in developing countries
- Have a solid knowledge of the theoretical and empirical literature on entrepreneurship in developing countries and be able to compare different perspectives
- Be able to analyse the constraints and opportunities facing entrepreneurs in developing countries
- Posses knowledge of the kinds of institutional environments that are conducive for entrepreneurship
- Be able to identify different entrepreneurship programmes and analyse their strengths and weaknesses
- Be better equipped to move from theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship in a development context to practical action
Type of examination, exam aids and assessment
A mini-project of 10 pages with internal censor. In the mini project the students present and analyse, with point of departure in the theoretical literature, a project/ an investment in a developing country from an entrepreneurship perspective.
Recommended literature
- Acs, Z.J., Desai, S., Klapper, L.F. (2008) What does “entrepreneurship” data really show? Small Business Economics, 31: 265-281.
- Amine, L.S. and Staub, K.M. (2009) Women entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa: An institutional theory analysis from a social marketing point of view, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 21 (2): 183-211.
- Bosma, N. and Levie, J. (2010) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2009 Executive Report.
- Chigunta, F., Schnurr, James-Wilson, D. and Torres, V. (2005) Being “real” about youth entrepreneurship in eastern and southern Africa, SEED Working Paper No. 72. Geneva: ILO.
- Cooper, A.C., Alvarez, S.A., Carrera, A.A., Mesquita, L.F and Vassolo, R.S. (2006) Entrepreneurial strategies: new technologies and emerging markets. Blackwell Publishing.
- Gartner, WB (1985) A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation, The Academy of Management Review, 10(4): 696-706.
- Gorman, G., Hanlon, D. and King, W. (2009): Some research perspectives on entrepreneurship education, enterprise education and education for small business management: a ten-year literature review, International Small Business Journal, 15 (3): 56-77.
- Harper, David A. (2003) “Foundations of entrepreneurship and economic development”, Routledge: New York.
- Henry, C., Hill, F. and Leitch, C. (2003): Entrepreneurship education and training – the issue of effectiveness. Ashgate Publishing.
- Hoang, H. and Antoncic, B. (2003): Network-based research in entrepreneurship: a critical review, Journal of Business Venturing, 18: 165-187.
- Naudé, W. (2008): Entrepreneurship in economic development, Research Paper no. 2008/20 United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economics Research.
- Schoof, U. (2006): Stimulating youth entrepreneurship: barriers and incentives to enterprise start-ups by young people, SEED Working Paper no. 76. Geneva: ILO.
- Schumpeter, J (1955) The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
- Spring (2009): African women in the entrepreneurial landscape: reconsidering the formal and informal sectors, Journal of African Business 10: 11-30.
- Turner, S. and Nguyen, P.A. (2005): Young entrepreneurs, social capital and Doi Moi in Hanoi, Vietnam, Urban Studies, 42 (10): 1693-1710.
- UNDP (2004) Unleashing Entrepreneurship: making business work for the poor. Report of the Commission on the Private Sector and Development. United Nations Development Programme.
- Zimmerer, T.W. and Scarborough, N.M. (2005): Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management, Pearson Education.
Last updated by The Electives Office 18/08/2010